That artificial intelligence tools are in wide use is not in dispute, but company leaders, particularly front-line managers, may not be adequately prepared to adapt to the changes that technology has brought, various stories and studies have said.

Without effective managers, companies may have a hard time seeing the gains that they expect from AI investments. Only 3% of leaders surveyed by ManpowerGroup Talent Solutions said their leaders are “highly prepared” to lead amid AI adoption, and 17% said their organizations had “advanced” or “transformational” workforce readiness for AI workflows.

AI skills gaps haunt organizations overall; many workers simply do not know how to use AI at all, and that could be the fault of employers, per a Forrester analysis published in March.

But broader organizational learning may not be possible without empowered managers, other studies have shown. And managers need skills beyond the technical, including communication and adaptability, to truly see success.

Read on to see more stories on the status of AI skills and why manager upskilling is specifically needed in the AI era.